This chapter discusses the relationships between formative and summative assessments—both in the classroom and externally. In addition to teachers, site-and district-level administrators and decision ...

Assessment is the process of collecting information for the purpose of making educational decisions. Paper and pencil tests traditionally have been used to assess students' factual knowledge of ...

Students often draw upon a diverse set of prior understanding and experiences when attempting to explain phenomena. Formative assessment allows teachers to better understand students’ alternative ...

Summative assessments evaluate learning at the end of a unit, course, or instructional period. While typically used to gauge final outcomes, these assessments can also serve formative purposes, ...

Assessments in education measure student achievement. These may take the form traditional assessments such as exams, or quizzes, but may also be part of learning activities such as group projects or ...

This report elaborates on the Standards by providing a guide to optimize the ongoing activity in the science classroom that engages both teachers and students in making judgments about the students' ...

Assessment is the process of collecting information for the purpose of making educational decisions. Paper and pencil tests traditionally have been used to assess students' factual knowledge of ...